Computer guided surgery in the maxillary esthetic zone / Cirurgia guiada por computador em área estética da maxila

ABSTRACT This clinical report describes the implant rehabilitation for the treatment of pathological roots resorption due to inadequate orthodontic movement in prosthetic space reduced by means of load and immediate implants, computer-guided surgery and use of the own tooth crown in a 21-year-old-patient. The atraumatic exodontics of the right and left upper lateral incisors was performed, and then immediate placement of osseointegrated implants using the computer guided surgery technique. The crown teeth itself was used in the immediate aesthetic and functional rehabilitation. Completion of the treatment resulted in a functional and aesthetic successful outcome and a 27 months follow-up presented uneventful. The procedures included in this complex rehabilitation treatment in the esthetic zone were appropriate and essential for the maintenance of the soft and hard tissues contour and thickness ensuring the excellence in rehabilitation.

RESUMO Este relato de caso clínico descreve a reabilitação com implantes para o tratamento da reabsorção radicular patológica devido à movimentação ortodôntica inadequada em espaço protético reduzido, por meio implante imediato e carga imediata, pela técnica da cirurgia guiada por computador e uso da própria coroa dentária, em paciente de 21 anos. A exodontia atraumática dos incisivos laterais superiores direito e esquerdo foi realizada, em seguida realizou-se a instalação imediata dos implantes osseointegráveis, utilizando a técnica de cirurgia guiada por computador. Os próprios dentes da coroa foram usados na reabilitação estética e funcional imediata. A conclusão do tratamento resultou em sucesso funcional e estético com acompanhamento de 27 meses sem intercorrências. Os procedimentos incluídos neste complexo tratamento de reabilitação na zona estética foram adequados e essenciais para a manutenção do contorno e espessura dos tecidos moles e duros garantindo a excelência na reabilitação.

Use of Calcium Phosphate Cement for Repairing Bone Defects: Histomorphometric and Immunohistochemical Analyses.

This study aimed to assess the repair of surgically created bone defects filled with blood clot, autogenous bone, and calcium phosphate cement, by histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses. Ten adult male rabbits were used. Three bone defects were prepared with an 8-mm diameter trephine bur in the parietal region of each animal and filled with blood clot (Group BC), autogenous bone (Group AB), and calcium phosphate bone cement (Group CPC). The animals were euthanized at 40 and 90 postoperative days. The sections were subjected to histomorphometric analysis of the new bone formed inside the calvarial defects and immunohistochemical staining to determine the expression of osteocalcin (OC), osteopontin (OP), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) proteins. Histomorphometric data were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test at 5% significance level. In the results at 40 and 90 days, Group AB differed significantly from Group CPC regarding the area of newly formed bone. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed expression of OP, OC, and TRAP proteins in all groups. Group AB showed prevalence of OC and OP, and lower TRAP expression. Therefore, the calcium phosphate bone cement assessed in the present study did not accelerate the protein expression dynamics during bone healing, compared with the autogenous group.

The effects of subcutaneous injection of nicotine on osseointegration of machined and anodized implants in rabbits.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of subcutaneous injection nicotine in osseointegration process on different implant surfaces. METHODS: Twenty-two male rabbits were distributed into two groups according to the subcutaneous injections: (1) nicotine 3 mg/day/kg and (2) 0.9 % NaCI 3 mL/day/kg, three times a day; subgroups were then designated-machined and anodized implants were placed in the right and left tibia bones, respectively. The animals were submitted euthanasia after periods of eight weeks to determine nicotine and cotinine levels, alkaline phosphatase and biomechanical analysis. RESULTS: The plasmatic levels of nicotine and cotinine were 0.5 ± 0.28 ng/mL and 9.5 ± 6.51 ng/mL, respectively. The alkaline phosphatase analyses in blood levels in control group were observed 40.8 ± 11.88 UI/L and 40.75 ± 12.46 UI/L, for the surfaces machined and anodized, respectively. In the test group was observed levels 37.9 ± 4.84 UI/L, for both implant surfaces. No significant differences were observed between control and test groups and between the implant surfaces regarding alkaline phosphatase blood levels. For biomechanics, no significant differences were observed in control group between the machined (25±8.46 Ncm) or anodized (31.2 ± 6.76 Ncm) implants. However, the treatment with nicotine induced higher torque than control in both machined (38.3 ± 13.52 Ncm) and anodized (35.5 ± 14.17 Ncm) implants, with p = 0.0024 and p = 0.0121, respectively. CONCLUSION: Subcutaneous injection of nicotine following implant insertion didn't have effect on osseointegration, independently from the implant surface.

The effects of subcutaneous injection of nicotine on osseointegration of machined and anodized implants in rabbits

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the influence of subcutaneous injection nicotine in osseointegration process on different implant surfaces. Methods: Twenty-two male rabbits were distributed into two groups according to the subcutaneous injections: (1) nicotine 3 mg/day/kg and (2) 0.9 % NaCI 3 mL/day/kg, three times a day; subgroups were then designated-machined and anodized implants were placed in the right and left tibia bones, respectively. The animals were submitted euthanasia after periods of eight weeks to determine nicotine and cotinine levels, alkaline phosphatase and biomechanical analysis. Results: The plasmatic levels of nicotine and cotinine were 0.5 ± 0.28 ng/mL and 9.5 ± 6.51 ng/mL, respectively. The alkaline phosphatase analyses in blood levels in control group were observed 40.8 ± 11.88 UI/L and 40.75 ± 12.46 UI/L, for the surfaces machined and anodized, respectively. In the test group was observed levels 37.9 ± 4.84 UI/L, for both implant surfaces. No significant differences were observed between control and test groups and between the implant surfaces regarding alkaline phosphatase blood levels. For biomechanics, no significant differences were observed in control group between the machined (25±8.46 Ncm) or anodized (31.2 ± 6.76 Ncm) implants. However, the treatment with nicotine induced higher torque than control in both machined (38.3 ± 13.52 Ncm) and anodized (35.5 ± 14.17 Ncm) implants, with p = 0.0024 and p = 0.0121, respectively. Conclusion: Subcutaneous injection of nicotine following implant insertion didn't have effect on osseointegration, independently from the implant surface.

Rehabilitation using immediate loading in patients with partial resection of the jaw

ABSTRACT: Ameloblastoma is a rare tumor that affects the maxillomandibular region. Surgical resection is often indicated, and oral rehabilitation becomes a challenge. This study aims to report on the mandibular rehabilitation with implant supported prosthesis using immediate loading with subsequent resection. A patient with a confirmed diagnosis of multicystic ameloblastoma in the left jaw underwent a partial resection of the mandible and a reconstruction with a titanium plate. After 2 years of follow-up with clinical examinations and imaging testing and with no signs of recurrence, the patient underwent the technique of immediate load implants, rehabilitating the mandible with an implant supported fixed prosthesis and the maxilla with a conventional complete denture. During the seven years of follow-up with the patient, there was no sign of recurrence of ameloblastoma. The rehabilitation with oral implants under immediate loading demonstrated to be successful, and the cemented cylinder technique used in this study coupled with passivity showed a favorable prognosis for the longevity of implants.

Implant Anchorage in the Nasopalatine Canal for the Rehabilitation of Severely Atrophic Maxilla.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to describe the clinical case of implant placement in the nasopalatine canal as an aid for atrophic maxilla rehabilitation. CASE REPORT: The surgical procedure was carried out in 2 stages, the first part consisted of a surgery to lift the maxillary sinus membrane associated with the xenogeneic bone placement and the second part consisted of the surgery for the implants placement, both under local anesthesia. A number of seven osseointegrated implants were placed in the maxilla, one was anchored in the nasopalatine canal region after having its neurovascular content emptied by means of the use of drill threads of the implant system. After 5 months, the implant reopening was carried out, followed by the molding, manufacturing and placement of the protocol-type prosthesis. The case has a 4-year follow-up without any painful symptomatology. CONCLUSION: The implant placed in the nasopalatine canal region is a viable option to assist in the rehabilitation with implant-supported prostheses in atrophic maxilla.

Correlação dos níveis socioeconômicos e de educação dos pais com o índice CEO-D na primeira infância / Correlation of the socioeconomic and parents' education levels with the CEO-D index in early childhood

Introdução: estudos mostram que condições socioeconômicas podem interferir no nível de conhecimento dos pais sobre higiene bucal dos filhos, influenciando diretamente no índice de cárie. Objetivo: Avaliar o nível sócioeconômico e o conhecimento de uma amostra de 127 pais/responsáveis e correlacioná-lo com o índice de cárie diagnosticado em seus filhos com idades variando entre 3 e 5 anos. Método: foi aplicado um questionário composto por questões fechadas, abordando condições socioeconômicas e conhecimento dos pais/responsáveis sobre saúde e higienização bucal na primeira infância. Um único examinador calibrado realizou o levantamento epidemiológico nos filhos dos pais participantes. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e pelo teste de correlação linear de Pearson a um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados e Discussão: 60% dos pais possuíam renda de 3 a 5 salários mínimos, 70% com ensino médio completo e 73% das crianças com ceo-d=0. Ao avaliar a correlação entre o conhecimento dos pais/responsáveis e demais variáveis, observou-se diferença estatisticamente significante com o nível econômico/renda (p=0,006) e também com o grau de escolaridade dos pais (p=0,001). Houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre a correlação de índice de ceo-d e o conhecimento sobre saúde bucal (p=0,02). Não foi constatada correlação estatisticamente significante entre o índice ceo-d e a renda familiar (p=0,95), nem com o grau de escolaridade dos pais (p=0,06). Conclusão: concluiu-se que houve correlação negativa entre o índice de ceo-d das crianças e o conhecimento dos pais/responsáveis sobre saúde bucal, e correlação positiva entre o conhecimento dos pais/responsáveis e o nível sócioeconômico.(AU)

Introduction: studies show that socioeconomic conditions may interfere with parents' knowledge about oral hygiene of children, and then influencing caries index. Objective: to evaluate the socioeconomic level and knowledge of a sample of 127 parents/guardians and correlate it with caries index diagnosed in their children, ranging 3 to 5 years. Method: a questionnaire composed of closed questions was applied, addressing socioeconomic conditions and knowledge of parents/guardians about health and oral hygiene in early childhood. A single calibrated examiner performed the epidemiological survey on children of the participating parents. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Pearson's linear correlation test at a significance level of 5%. Results and Discussion: 60% of the parents had income of 3 to 5 minimum wages, 70% with complete secondary education and 73% of the children with ceo-d = 0. When assessing the correlation between parents/guardians' knowledge and other variables, a statistically significant difference was observed with economic/income level (p = 0.006) and also with the parents' educational level (p = 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between the correlation of ceo-d index and knowledge about oral health (p = 0.02). No statistically significant correlation was found between the ceo-d index and the family income (p = 0.95), nor with the parents' educational level (p = 0.06).Conclusion: it was concluded that there was a negative correlation between the children's ceo-d index and the knowledge of the parents/guardians about oral health, and a positive correlation between the knowledge of the parents/guardians and the socio-economic level.(AU)

The influence of primary occlusal trauma on the development of gingival recession / La influencia del trauma oclusal primario en el desarrollo de la recesión gingival

This study aimed to histometrically evaluate the presence of gingival recession in the mesial surface of the teeth of rats experimentally subjected to primary occlusal trauma. This evaluation verified the distance from the cement-enamel junction (CEJ) to the free marginal gingiva (FMG) and to the height of the alveolar bone crest (CEJ-crest bone distance). There were 10 animals, randomly divided into 2 groups: occlusal trauma (OT) (n = 5) - creation of an occlusal interference by fixing an orthodontic wire segment on the mandibular first molar occlusal face, which was randomly chosen, and a Control Group (CG) (n = 5) - five animals with no exposure to the OT variable were euthanised after 14 days to obtain the initial parameters. The inter-group evaluation showed there was no significant difference between OT × CG when the CEJ-FGM distance (P = 0.192) was evaluated after 14 days, but there was a significant difference between the two groups as regards the CEJ-alveolar crest bone distance (P = 0.0142). Thus, it can be concluded that the OT induction model, after 14 days of experiment, promoted bone resorption. This was observed by the increase in the CEJ-alveolar crest bone distance. It also did not promote gingival recession, which was evaluated by the CEJ-FGM distance.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar histométricamente en ratas la presencia de recesión gingival en la superficie mesial de los dientes sometidos experimentalmente a trauma oclusal primario a partir de la evaluación de la distancia desde la unión esmalte cemento (CEJ) a la encía marginal libre y la altura de la cresta ósea restante (distancia de la CEJ-cresta ósea) Con este fin, 10 animales fueron divididos al azar en 2 grupos: trauma oclusal (TO) (n = 5) - creación de una interferencia oclusal mediante la fijación de un segmento de alambre de ortodoncia en la superficie oclusal del primer molar elegido al azar; y un grupo control (CO) (n = 5) -5 animales sin la introducción de la variable TO fueron sometidos a eutanasia después de 14 días para obtener los parámetros iniciales. La evaluación intergrupo no mostró diferencias significativas entre los grupos TO × CO al evaluar después de 14 días la distancia de la CEJ-encía marginal libre (p = 0,192) pero mostró una diferencia significativa entre los grupos TO × CO en cuanto a distancia de la CEJ-cresta ósea alveolar (p = 0,0142). Por lo tanto, se concluye que el modelo de inducción del TO después de 14 días del experimento promueve reabsorción ósea siendo observado por el aumento en la distancia de la CEJ-cresta ósea alveolar y no promueve la recesión gingival evaluada a partir de la distancia de la CEJ-encía marginal.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Introduction of a new modified experimental model.

PURPOSE: To evaluate a modified experimental model for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) through the upper right central incisor extraction followed by intravenous bisphosphonate administration. METHODS: Forty five rats underwent the upper right central incisor tooth extraction were divided in 2 groups: Group I - experimental group, 30 rats received an intravenous administration protocol of zoledronic acid 35µg/kg into the tail vein every two weeks, totalizing four administrations, during eight weeks of administration, previously the extraction, and Group II - control group, 15 rats didn't received any medication before extraction. The groups were subdivided in postoperative periods: 14/28/42 days. Clinical analysis and microtomography were performed to verify the presence of osteonecrosis. In addition, descritive histological analysis of hematoxylin-eosin stained sections was performed to evaluate the presence of osteonecrosis or necrotic foci. RESULTS: Twelve (40%) rats, from experimental group, showed clinical signs of MRONJ (p=0.005), however, all samples showed imaginologic findings like osteolysis and loss of integrity of the cellular walls (p≤0.001). Microscopic evaluation revealed osteonecrosis areas with microbial colonies and inflammatory infiltrate (p≤0.001). In the control group, all animals presented the chronology of a normal wound healing. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw after maxillary central incisor extraction in rats. This new experimental model may be considered an option for the study of MRONJ.

Tratamento alternativo de extensa perfuração da membrana sinusal: 36 meses de acompanhamento clínico / Alternative treatment for large perforation of the maxillary sinus membrane: 36 months of follow-up

Na reabilitação implantossuportada em pacientes com edentulismo maxilar com atrofia óssea, em decorrência da reabsorção e pneumatização do seio maxilar, frequentemente, tem sido utilizada a técnica de elevação do assoalho do seio maxilar, que pode resultar em complicações, incluindo a perfuração da membrana de Schneider. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi relatar a técnica alternativa para o tratamento de uma extensa perfuração da membrana sinusal durante uma cirurgia de elevação do assoalho do seio maxilar. Paciente do sexo feminino, com 55 anos de idade. Durante a cirurgia de elevação da membrana sinusal, ocorreu perfuração de aproximadamente 2 cm de extensão. O tratamento proposto foi a técnica alternativa com utilização de membrana de colágeno, para reparar a membrana de Schneider e possibilitar a inserção e manutenção do substituto ósseo. No caso exposto, a membrana de colágeno reabsorvível demonstrou ser um método eficaz para o tratamento de uma extensa perfuração da membrana sinusal.

Generally, the sinus lifting technique has been used for patients with extensive atrophic areas in the maxillary arch due to the pneumatization process, but complications can be found, including the Schneider membrane perforation. Thus, the aim of this article is to present a clinical alternative to treat a large perforation of the sinus membrane during the surgical process. A 55 years-old female patient demonstrated a 2 cm width tearing during the operation. The proposed treatment was the use of a collagen membrane to repair the surgical field and to provide access for the bone substitute. The combined procedure is an efficient method in this kind of maxillary sinus complication.

Peri-implantite: tratamentos e manutenção peri-implantar ­ parte 2* / Peri-implantitis: treatments and maintenance ­ part II

Objetivo: orientar os profissionais a diagnosticar as doenças peri-implantares, conhecer suas características, avaliar os fatores de risco e escolher tratamentos adequados para cada situação. Material e métodos: a busca foi realizada nos bancos de dados Medline e EBSCO, entre 1992 e 2013, limitada aos artigos completos publicados em língua inglesa. Todos os níveis de evidência foram incluídos (relato de caso, experimentos em animais, revisões bibliográficas e estudos estatísticos com humanos). Resultados: o principal agente etiológico das doenças peri-implantares ainda é a placa bacteriana. No entanto, fatores de risco sistêmicos e locais influenciam no seu desenvolvimento. Os principais microrganismos presentes nas infecções peri-implantares são os mesmos encontrados na periodontite: bactérias gram e anaeróbicas. O tratamento não cirúrgico sozinho não apresentou resultados satisfatórios, contudo, quando associado com antisséptico bucal ou antibiótico, reduz a infecção. O tratamento cirúrgico permite o debridamento acurado da região peri-implantar, a descontaminação da superfície do implante e resulta em ganho de inserção clínica e reconstrução óssea. Conclusão: até o presente momento, nenhum protocolo padrão de tratamento da peri-implantite foi estabelecido. A prevenção e a manutenção do controle de placa através da higienização são eficazes em manter a baixa incidência das doenças peri-implantares.

Objective: to guide professionals on the diagnosis, identification, risk factor evaluation, and adequate treatment selection for peri-implant diseases. Material and methods: a literature search was made on the Medline and EBSCO electronic databanks within 1992 and 2013, limited to articles published in the English language. All evidence levels were included (case reports, animal experiments, reviews, and statistical studies in humans). Results: the main etiological agent is still bacterial plaque. However, local and systemic risk factors influence the development of peri-implantitis. The main microorganisms in peri-implant diseases are the same found for periodontitis: gram bacteria and anaerobes. The surgical treatment performed as a single measure did not present satisfactory results; nevertheless, when associated to antibiotics or oral anti-septic products, the infection levels were reduced. The surgical treatment allows for accurate debridement of the peri-implant site and implant surface decontamination, with clinical gains on attachment and bone reconstruction. Conclusion: until the present moment, there is no standard protocol for peri-implant treatment. Prevention of plaque build-up and maintenance through hygiene measures are efficient to reduce the incidence of peri-implant diseases.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Introduction of a new modified experimental model

ABSTRACT PURPOSE : To evaluate a modified experimental model for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) through the upper right central incisor extraction followed by intravenous bisphosphonate administration. METHODS: Forty five rats underwent the upper right central incisor tooth extraction were divided in 2 groups: Group I - experimental group, 30 rats received an intravenous administration protocol of zoledronic acid 35μg/kg into the tail vein every two weeks, totalizing four administrations, during eight weeks of administration, previously the extraction, and Group II - control group, 15 rats didn't received any medication before extraction. The groups were subdivided in postoperative periods: 14/28/42 days. Clinical analysis and microtomography were performed to verify the presence of osteonecrosis. In addition, descritive histological analysis of hematoxylin-eosin stained sections was performed to evaluate the presence of osteonecrosis or necrotic foci. RESULTS: Twelve (40%) rats, from experimental group, showed clinical signs of MRONJ (p=0.005), however, all samples showed imaginologic findings like osteolysis and loss of integrity of the cellular walls (p≤0.001). Microscopic evaluation revealed osteonecrosis areas with microbial colonies and inflammatory infiltrate (p≤0.001). In the control group, all animals presented the chronology of a normal wound healing. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw after maxillary central incisor extraction in rats. This new experimental model may be considered an option for the study of MRONJ.

Reabilitação imediata em área estética em alvéolo com grande comprometimento ósseo / Immediate rehabilitation of the aesthetic region with alveolar bone loss

As reabilitações em áreas estéticas com defeitos ósseos alveolares são desafios na utilização de implantes dentários. Dessa forma, o objetivo do estudo foi relatar um caso clínico da reabilitação implanto-suportada em alvéolos frescos com parede óssea comprometida, devido à pequena área de ancoragem para a inserção de implantes. No presente caso, o paciente apresentou-se com fratura do elemento dentário 24 associada à perda óssea extensa na face vestibular e reduzida altura óssea para ancoragem superior devido à proximidade com o soalho do seio maxilar, necessitando de reabilitação com implantes osseointegrados, com profissionalização imediata e regeneração óssea guiada (ROG), acompanhado de associação de substituto ósseo e membranas autólogas de fibrina. Após o período de osseointegração, foram realizados procedimentos de moldagem personalizada para a reabilitação final com prótese metalocerâmica. Baseada na metodologia descrita nesse relato de caso é possível notar, após o período de 18 meses de acompanhamento clínico e radiográfico/tomográfico, que não houve sintomatologia dolorosa, infecção, mobilidade do implante e perda óssea peri-implantar acentuada. O paciente apresentou-se satisfeito com relação à estética e função protética.

Dental implant rehabilitation in the aesthetic region with alveolar bone deffects is very challenging. The aim of this study was to present a case report of implantsupported prosthesis in fresh socket with bone wall loss due to reduced area to implant insertion.The patient presented with fracture of tooth 24 associated with extensive bone loss on the vestibular face and reduced bone height for upper anchorage due to the proximity to the maxillary sinus, requiring rehabilitation with dental implants with immediate provisionalization and guided bone regeneration (GBR), followed by bone substitute and autologous fibrin membranes. After osteointegration period, customized casting procedures were performed for final rehabilitation with metal-ceramic prosthesis. Based on the described methodology, pain symptomatology, pain, infection, implant mobility, and marked peri-implant bone loss were not observed during 18 months of clinical and radiographic/tomographic follow-up. The patient was satisfied with both aesthetic and function.

Prevalência de lesões bucais em crianças de 6 a 12 anos / Prevalence of oral lesions in children 6 to 12 years

Introdução: na literatura existem poucos levantamentos sobre alterações bucais pediátricas, uma vez que estes apresentam prevalências em faixas etárias mais abrangentes, incluindo jovens ou adultos. Objetivo: apresentar a prevalência das alterações bucais em tecidos moles que mais acometem crianças entre 6 e 12 anos de idade. Método: estudo prospectivo de identificação de lesões bucais da população infantil atendida na Clínica de Odontopediatria, da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade do Sagrado Coração, no período de outubro de 2012 a julho de 2013. Neste período, foram atendidas 129 crianças, sendo que 13 (10%) apresentaram alguma manifestação bucal em tecidos envolvendo tecidos moles. Os dados foram registrados por um único examinador em planilha própria, constando identificação do paciente, estado geral, tamanho, aspecto e localização da alteração, sintomas, tempo de instalação, tempo de recuperação, provável diagnóstico e tratamentos odontológicos realizados. Resultados e Discussão: as alterações bucais registradas foram: fístula/abscesso no rebordo alveolar (46,1%); estomatite herpética primária (15,4%); úlcera aftosa (15,4%); herpes simples recorrente (7,7%); língua fissurada (7,7%) e alveólise (7,7%). A localização mais frequente das alterações bucais registradas foi a mucosa alveolar superior (38,5%), seguida da mucosa alveolar inferior (23,1%), lábio superior direito (15,4%), maxila anterior (7,7%), rebordo gengival alveolar superior (7,7%) e dorso da língua (7,7%). A prevalência encontrada neste estudo prospectivo corrobora com outros levantamentos realizados na população infantil. Conclusão: é importante que os profissionais da área da saúde, especialmente o cirurgião-dentista, tenham o conhecimento da prevalência das principais lesões bucais em crianças para que estejam mais preparados para diagnosticá-las e tratá-las.

Introduction: in the literature there are few surveys of pediatric oral lesions, since these have prevalence in wider age groups, including young people or adults. Objective: present the prevalence of oral manifestations in soft tissues that most affect children between 6 and 12 years old. Methods: prospective study of oral lesions identification of children attendances at the Clinic of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Sacred Heart, from October 2012 to July 2013. During this period, 129 children were treated, and 13 (10%) had some oral manifestation in tissues surrounding soft tissues. Data were recorded by a single examiner at a specific note, consisting of patient identification, general condition, size, appearance and location of the oral manifestation, symptoms, installation time, recovery time, possible diagnosis and conducted dental treatments. Results and Discussion: Oral diseases recorded were: fistula/abscess alveolar (46.1%); primary herpetic stomatitis (15.4%), aphthous ulcer (15.4%), recurrent herpes simplex (7.7%), fissured tongue (7.7%) and alveolisys (7.7%). The most frequent location of oral abnormalities recorded was the superior alveolar mucosa (38.5%), followed by the inferior alveolar mucosa (23.1%), right upper lip (15.4%), anterior maxilla (7.7%), gingival superior alveolar (7.7%) and dorsum of the tongue (7.7%). The prevalence found in this prospective study corroborates other surveys in children. Conclusion: It is important that health professionals, especially the dentist, have knowledge of the prevalence of oral lesions in children in order to be better prepared to diagnose and treat them.

Fratura de mandíbula após a instalação de implantes - relato de caso / Mandibular fracture after implants instalation - case report

As fraturas de mandíbulas após a instalação de implante são pouco descritas na literatura e, geralmente, estão relacionadas ao enfraquecimento ósseo devido à baixa densidade e vascularização desse osso em idosos. Este relato de caso clínico associado à revisão de literatura tem o objetivo de apresentar um caso de fratura de mandíbula tardia após a instalação de implantes e aplicação de carga imediata. No presente caso, uma paciente de 86 anos de idade, do gênero feminino, foi submetida à instalação de 4 implantes dentários, entre os forames mentuais, seguida de prótese do tipo protocolo inferior com carga imediata. Passado 3 semanas do procedimento cirúrgico foi diagnosticado a fratura incompleta do ângulo mandibular direito. O tratamento dessa paciente foi conservador com orientação dietética, prescrição medicamentosa e acompanhamento por 60 dias. Após o período de 180 dias foi constatado o reparo completo da região. Com base nesse caso clínico foi possível concluir que o tratamento conservador é uma alternativa viável para o tratamento de fratura mandibular tardia após a instalação de implantes dentários...

The atrophic mandible fractures after the installation of the implant are widely described in the literature and generally relate to a weakening due to low bone density and that bone vascularity in the elderly. This case report associated clinical literature review aims to present a case of atrophic mandible fractures caused after installation of dental implants. In this case, a 86 year-old female, underwent installation of 4 dental implants, among mentuals foramen, then the type of prosthesis with immediate loading protocol below. Last three weeks of the surgical procedure was diagnosed incomplete fracture of the right mandibular angle. The treatment of this patient was conservatively with dietary counseling, prescriptions and follow- -up for 60 days. After of period 180 days it was found complete repair of the region. Based on this case study it was con-cluded that conservative treatment is a viable alternative for the treatment of atrophic mandibular fracture after installation of dental implants...

Dipirona versus paracetamol no controle da dor pós-operatória / Dipyrone versus acetaminophen in the control of postoperative pain

Introdução: A dor é definida como uma experiência desagradável, sendo o controle da dor pós-operatória um grande desafio na área da saúde. Objetivo: Comparar a eficácia da dipirona e do paracetamol no controle da dor pós-operatória após exodontia de terceiros molares inclusos. Material e Método: Foram selecionados 30 pacientes da Disciplina de Cirurgia da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba - UNESP, que necessitavam extrair os terceiros molares inclusos. Desses, 15 receberam dipirona (Grupo I) e outros 15 receberam paracetamol (Grupo II) no pós-operatório. Todos os pacientes foram tratados, no pré-operatório, uma hora antes do procedimento cirúrgico, com dexametasona 4 mg e amoxicilina 1 grama. A intensidade da dor foi avaliada pelos pacientes por meio de escala visual analógica, em um período pós-operatório de 48 horas, em intervalos de 6 horas. Os critérios de exclusão foram: presença de desordens sistêmicas, hipersensibilidade medicamentosa, gestação, lactação e contraindicações locais. Os escores obtidos foram submetidos ao teste de Mann-Whitney (α = 0,05) para comparação das intensidades de dor em intervalos de 6 horas, nas 24 horas iniciais, nas 24 horas finais e no período total de 48 horas. Resultado: Não houve diferença estatística entre os analgésicos estudados nos intervalos de 6 horas; entretanto, nas 24 horas finais e nas 48 horas totais de observação, o Grupo I apresentou valores médios menores, estatisticamente significantes, quando comparado ao Grupo II. Conclusão: A eficácia analgésica da dipirona foi superior à do paracetamol.

Introduction: The pain is defined as an unpleasant experience, and control of postoperative pain a great challenge in healthcare. Objective: To compare the efficacy of Dipyrone and acetaminophen in postoperative pain after third molar surgery. Material and Method: Thirty patients of the Discipline of Surgery of School of Dentistry of Araçatuba - UNESP, that needed to extract their third included molars, were selected. Among these, 15 received Dipyrone (group I) and the other received acetaminophen (group II) in the postoperative. All patients were treated pre-operatively with dexamethasone 4 mg and amoxycillin 1 g, one hour before surgery. Pain intensity was evaluated by a visual analogue scale by forty eight hours postoperative period and in intervals of six hours. The exclusion criteria were: presence of systemic disorders, drugs hypersensitivity, pregnant, lactic and local contraindications. The scores obtained were submitted to the Mann-Whitney test (p < 0,05) for comparison of the pain intensity in the 6 hours intervals, in the initial 24 hours, in the last 24 hours and in the total period of 48 hours. Result: There was no statistical difference among the analgesics in the 6 hours intervals, however, in the last 24 hours and in the total period of 48 hours, the group I presented smaller medium values, significant statistically, when compared to group II. Conclusion: The analgesic efficacy of dipyrone was superior to paracetamol.

Avaliação de substitutos ósseos em defeitos peri-implantares criados em coelhos / Evaluation of bone substitutes in the treatment of bone defects around implants in rabbits

Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade dos substitutos ósseos, matriz de osso bovino mineralizada – (Bio-Oss®) e matriz de osso bovino mineralizada com adição de 10% de colágeno suíno – (Bio-Oss® Collagen), no preenchimento de defeitos peri-implantares criados em tíbia de coelhos, por meio das análises biomecânica, histológica e imunoistoquímica para a expressão das proteínas OC, Runx 2, OPG, RANK-L e TRAP . Material e Métodos: Trinta coelhos receberam 1 ostectomia em cada tíbia por meio de trefina de 6.1 mm de diâmetro. Em seguida, foram utilizadas as fresa lança e helicoidais no preparo de leitos receptores com 3,0mm e 1 implante de 4,1 mm/8,5 mm foi instalado. Os defeitos ósseos peri-implantares foram preenchidos de acordo com os seguintes grupos: I- coágulo sanguíneo (CO); II- Bio-Oss® (BI); e III- Bio-Oss® Collagen (BC). Dez animais por período foram eutanasiados aos 15, 30 e 60 dias pós-operatórios, para as análises biomecânica, histológica e imunoistoquímica. Resultados: Na análise biomecânica, pode-se observar que o grupo BC apresentou melhor resposta, estatisticamente significante, quando comparado ao CO, no período de 30 dias. Os resultados imunoistoquímicos mostraram na comparação entre os 3 grupos a expressão da OC foi diferente estatisticamente nos períodos de 15 e 60 dias entre os grupos CO e BC; e CO e BI, respectivamente, observando maior expressão para o grupo dos biomateriais aos 15 dias. A expressão de Runx2 foi menor estatisticamente para o grupo BI quando comparado aos demais grupos, no período de 15 dias. Aos 60 dias, a expressão de OPG no grupo BI se apresentou estatisticamente maior que o grupo CO. Nos períodos de 15 e 60 dias, pode-se observar maior expressão de RANK-L para o grupo BI comparado ao CO. No balanço da expressão da TRAP, pela avaliação estatística não foi encontrada diferença entre os grupos nos períodos estudados. Conclusão: O grupo BC apresentou respostas biológicas satisfatórias, com excelentes propriedades osteocondutoras em...

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of bone substitutes in peri-implant defects created in tibia of rabbits which were filled either by blood clot, deproteinized bovine bone mineral (Bio-Oss® / Geistlich) and bovine bone mineral with the addition of 10% collagen porcine origin (Bio-Oss Collagen® / Geistlich), through biomechanics, histology and immunohistochemical analysis of OC, Runx 2, OPG, RANK-L and TRAP proteins. Material and methods: Thirty rabbits received one osteotomy in each tibia using trefine of 6.1 mm in diameter. Subsequently, a spear and helical drills, 2.0 mm, 2.0/3.0 pilot and 3.0 mm were used and 1 implant 4.1 mm/8.5 mm was installed. Bone defects were filled according to the following groups: I-blood clot (CO); II-deproteinized bovine bone mineral (Bio-Oss®) (BI); III-bovine bone mineral with addition of 10% collagen porcine origin (Bio-Oss Collagen®) (BC). Ten animals per period were euthanized at 15, 30 and 60 postoperative days, subsequently biomechanical analysis were performed. Routine histologic processing for histological and immunohistochemistry analysis were also performed. Results: In biomechanics analysis, comparing the different groups for each period can be observed that within 30 days, the BC group showed better biological response statistically proven compared to CO. In immunohistochemistry analysis, the OC expression was statistically significant at 15 and 60 days between CO and BC groups, and between CO and BI groups, respectively, with largest expression for the group of biomaterials. In these same analysed periods, an increased expression of RANK-L can be observed on BI group compared to CO group. OPG expression was statistically significant only iat 60 postoperative days for BI group compared to CO group. At 15 days, Runx2 expression was statistically significant different for BI group compared to the other groups. TRAP expression showed no statitical difference among the analyzed groups in both periods. Conclusion…

Avaliação de substitutos ósseos em defeitos peri-implantares criados em coelhos / Evaluation of bone substitutes in the treatment of bone defects around implants in rabbits

Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade dos substitutos ósseos, matriz de osso bovino mineralizada – (Bio-Oss®) e matriz de osso bovino mineralizada com adição de 10% de colágeno suíno – (Bio-Oss® Collagen), no preenchimento de defeitos peri-implantares criados em tíbia de coelhos, por meio das análises biomecânica, histológica e imunoistoquímica para a expressão das proteínas OC, Runx 2, OPG, RANK-L e TRAP . Material e Métodos: Trinta coelhos receberam 1 ostectomia em cada tíbia por meio de trefina de 6.1 mm de diâmetro. Em seguida, foram utilizadas as fresa lança e helicoidais no preparo de leitos receptores com 3,0mm e 1 implante de 4,1 mm/8,5 mm foi instalado. Os defeitos ósseos peri-implantares foram preenchidos de acordo com os seguintes grupos: I- coágulo sanguíneo (CO); II- Bio-Oss® (BI); e III- Bio-Oss® Collagen (BC). Dez animais por período foram eutanasiados aos 15, 30 e 60 dias pós-operatórios, para as análises biomecânica, histológica e imunoistoquímica. Resultados: Na análise biomecânica, pode-se observar que o grupo BC apresentou melhor resposta, estatisticamente significante, quando comparado ao CO, no período de 30 dias. Os resultados imunoistoquímicos mostraram na comparação entre os 3 grupos a expressão da OC foi diferente estatisticamente nos períodos de 15 e 60 dias entre os grupos CO e BC; e CO e BI, respectivamente, observando maior expressão para o grupo dos biomateriais aos 15 dias. A expressão de Runx2 foi menor estatisticamente para o grupo BI quando comparado aos demais grupos, no período de 15 dias. Aos 60 dias, a expressão de OPG no grupo BI se apresentou estatisticamente maior que o grupo CO. Nos períodos de 15 e 60 dias, pode-se observar maior expressão de RANK-L para o grupo BI comparado ao CO. No balanço da expressão da TRAP, pela avaliação estatística não foi encontrada diferença entre os grupos nos períodos estudados. Conclusão: O grupo BC apresentou respostas biológicas satisfatórias, com excelentes propriedades osteocondutoras em...

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of bone substitutes in peri-implant defects created in tibia of rabbits which were filled either by blood clot, deproteinized bovine bone mineral (Bio-Oss® / Geistlich) and bovine bone mineral with the addition of 10% collagen porcine origin (Bio-Oss Collagen® / Geistlich), through biomechanics, histology and immunohistochemical analysis of OC, Runx 2, OPG, RANK-L and TRAP proteins. Material and methods: Thirty rabbits received one osteotomy in each tibia using trefine of 6.1 mm in diameter. Subsequently, a spear and helical drills, 2.0 mm, 2.0/3.0 pilot and 3.0 mm were used and 1 implant 4.1 mm/8.5 mm was installed. Bone defects were filled according to the following groups: I-blood clot (CO); II-deproteinized bovine bone mineral (Bio-Oss®) (BI); III-bovine bone mineral with addition of 10% collagen porcine origin (Bio-Oss Collagen®) (BC). Ten animals per period were euthanized at 15, 30 and 60 postoperative days, subsequently biomechanical analysis were performed. Routine histologic processing for histological and immunohistochemistry analysis were also performed. Results: In biomechanics analysis, comparing the different groups for each period can be observed that within 30 days, the BC group showed better biological response statistically proven compared to CO. In immunohistochemistry analysis, the OC expression was statistically significant at 15 and 60 days between CO and BC groups, and between CO and BI groups, respectively, with largest expression for the group of biomaterials. In these same analysed periods, an increased expression of RANK-L can be observed on BI group compared to CO group. OPG expression was statistically significant only iat 60 postoperative days for BI group compared to CO group. At 15 days, Runx2 expression was statistically significant different for BI group compared to the other groups. TRAP expression showed no statitical difference among the analyzed groups in both periods. Conclusion…

Prevalência de alterações sistêmicas em pacientes atendidos na disciplina de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Bucomaxilofacial do curso de Odontologia da UNIARA / Prevalence of systemic diseases in patients evaluated in the discipline of Oral and Maxillo Facial Surgery of Araraquara University Center - UNIARA

Introdução: A avaliação pré-operatória é de fundamental importância para a prevenção de intercorrências transoperatórias e de complicações pós-operatórias. Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência de enfermidades e condições sistêmicas em pacientes submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico na área de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Bucomaxilofacial do Curso de Odontologia, do Centro Universitário de Araraquara - UNIARA, no período de 2004 a 2009. Material e método: Para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho, foi realizado um levantamento nos prontuários desses pacientes, sendo analisados os seguintes fatores: idade, gênero, presença de vícios, principais enfermidades e condições sistêmicas que afetam a população mundial. Os dados obtidos foram analisados quantitativamente e registrados em uma tabela. Resultado: No total de prontuários analisados (693), foram detectadas 340 respostas afirmativas (49,06%) a uma ou mais enfermidades. As doenças cardiovasculares foram as mais prevalentes (22,34%). Considerando-se a prevalência de doenças relacionadas à idade, a faixa etária de menos de 20 anos representou 16,32%; 20-29 anos, 43,06%; 30-39 anos, 45,16%; 40-44 anos, 48,64%; 45-49 anos, 56,25%; 50-54 anos, 58,33%; 55-59 anos, 57,74%; 60-64 anos, 70,37%; 65-69 anos, 66,66%; 70 anos ou mais, 68,75%. Conclusão: As doenças e alterações sistêmicas com maior prevalência foram doenças cardiovasculares, anemia, sinusite e diabetes. A frequência das respostas afirmativas a quadros sistêmicos foi idade-dependente e houve predominância do gênero feminino. Já o vício mais frequente foi o tabaco. Assim, pôde-se observar ser de fundamental importância a realização de avaliação pré-operatória da saúde dos pacientes que irão se submeter a tratamento odontológico/cirúrgico.

Introduction: pre-operative assessment is of fundamental importance for the prevention of transoperative and of postoperative complications. Objective: to identify the prevalence of diseases and systemic conditions in patients undergoing surgical treatment in the discipline of surgery and Traumatology of University Center of Araraquara, in the period of 2004 to 2009. Material and method: for the development of this study, a survey in medical records of patients was performed and the factors considered included: age, sex, presence of vices, and systemic conditions that affect the world?s population. The data obtained were analyzed quantitatively and recorded in atable. Result:  Considering all patient records analyzed (693), 340 affirmative responses were detected (49,06%) to one or more diseases. Cardiovascular diseases were the most prevalent (22,34%). Considering the prevalence of diseases related to age, the age of less than 20 years represented 16,32%; of 20-29 years, 43,06%; 30-39 years, 45,16%; 40-44 years, 48,64%; 45-49 years, 56,25%; 50-54 years, 58,33%; 55-59 years, 57,74%; 60-64 years, 70,37%; 65-69 years, 66,66%; and 70 years or more, 68,75%. Conclusion: diseases and systemic alterations with higher prevalence were cardiovascular diseases, anemia, sinusitis and diabetes. The frequency of affirmative answers to systemic conditions was age-dependent and there was a predominance of females. The tobacco addiction was the most frequent. Thus, it was found that the preoperative assessment of the health of patients who will undergo surgical dental treatment is of fundamental importance.

Tratamento de rânula pela técnica de marsupialização: relato de caso clínico / Ranula treatment by marsupialization technique: clinical case report

As rânulas são fenômenos extensos de retençãode saliva que ocorrem no assoalho bucal, principalmentena região da glândula sublingual. Elaspodem causar a elevação da língua e interferircom a fala e a deglutição. O tratamento é cirúrgicopor meio da marsupialização da rânulaou da remoção definitiva da glândula sublingualenvolvida. A técnica da marsupialização é umaalternativa cirúrgica a ser considerada, visto queé um procedimento simples e pouco traumático,além de apresentar prognóstico favorávelquando bem indicado. O objetivo deste trabalhoé relatar um caso clínico de rânula tratadopela técnica de marsupialização, além de fazerconsiderações sobre as formas de tratamentodessa lesão glandular benigna.

The ranula phenomena are extensive retentionof saliva, which occur in the floor of the mouth,especially in the region of the sublingualgland. They can cause the elevation of the tongueand interfere with speech and swallowing.Treatment is by surgical marsupialization of theranula or permanent removal of the sublingualgland involved. The technique of marsupializationis a surgical alternative to be considered,since it is a simple and less traumatic, and presentsa favorable prognosis when properly indicated.The objective of this study is to reporta clinical case of ranula treated by marsupializationtechnique, in addition, to show considerationson how to treat this benign glandularlesion.